Political economy of natural resource revenue sharing in indonesia the world bank we would like to thank discussants and participants at a conference on alternative directions for decentralization in indonesia, held in jakarta in march 2012, and isuzu kimura for helpful discussions. Redistribution policy and inequality reduction in oecd countries what has changed in two decades. Sna is not identical to the list of units which transactions of the budget concern see manual on government. Income redistribution financial definition of income. Taxes and the redistribution of wealth the washington post. Provides an uptodate synthesis of the many strands of distributional analysis used in the fields of social policy, welfare theory and public finance.
Working paper 448 january 2017 fiscal policy, income redistribution, and poverty reduction in low and middleincome countries abstract using comparative fiscal incidence analysis, this paper examines the impact of fiscal policy on. Les revenus primaires des menages sen trouvent modifies. This tool was developed to index the trial court revenue distribution guidelines tcrdg to existing trial court revenue distribution resources, tying the distribution guides code descriptions and associated violations to the current uniform bail and penalty schedule, judicial. Redistribution through the income tax springerlink. The size of the welfare state is defined as the total amount of tax revenue that is collected by the government and that can be redistributed, i. We use a range of data sources to assess if, and to what extent, government redistribution policies have slowed or accelerated the trend towards greater income disparities in the past 2025 years. August 20 abstract between 2003 and 2009, argentinas social spending as a share of gdp increased by 7. Fiscal redistribution in the european union world bank. Revenue reversals differ from redistribution in two ways. Increasingly in the twentieth century income has become a more important basis of political classes. International differences in corporate taxation, foreign. It is true that the infamous statemandated communisms of the twentieth century were founded on the ethos of sharing, but those systems greatly lacked in compassion and even basic social awareness of peoples physical and emotional needs.
Redistribution of wealth and income to promote the welfare and equality of the citizens. Impact of tax administration on government revenue in a. Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth including physical property from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law. Reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange owlcation.
Revenue is defined as all amounts of money received by a government from external sources i. The delaware division of revenue s mission is to collect 100% of the taxes and other revenues required by law to be remitted to the state of delaware, no more and no less, and strive to do so in a manner that creates the highest possible level of satisfaction on the part of our customers. The development of policies for the redistribution of income in developing nations experiencing economic growth is examined. Redistribution, something of a stepup in the sharing ethos of reciprocity, can look like several things. Manual 2001 as transfers to protect the entire population against certain. All elements of the tax and expenditure systems of government can, in principle, affect the distribution of income. Income inequality, fiscal decentralization and transfer. Develops a consistent mathematical approach into a selfcontained and unified treatment of the distribution and redistribution of income. Ocgg economy section taxation policy and development. It includes both vertical and horizontal elements, as well as both unintended and overt redistribution. Thoroughly updated edition of a well adopted textbook. The general aim of such a policy is to achieve a more equitable distribution of income as between the various sections of the community so as to ensure that everybody is provided with some minimum standard of living.
Revenue is measured over the full fiscal year of the government see section 3. When introducing the redistribution scheme we argued that the progressive tax scheme is modeled in a way that there is a tax on operating profits. With nonseniors spending being squeezed, some changes in tax mix, moderate revenue increases and refined targeting of transfers will be needed to protect the systems progressive nature. Distribution and redistribution in postindustrial democracies article pdf available in world politics 552. This paper produces a comprehensive assessment of income redistribution to the workingage population, covering oecd countries over the last two decades. Within the context of reigniting post crisis macroeconomic growth, income inequality has emerged as a topic of significant interest for both academics and policymakers bastagli, coady. The costs of public income redistribution and private. Redistribution is quantified as the relative reduction in market income inequality achieved by personal income taxes, employees social security contributions and cash transfers, based on. The rising role of noncontributory pensions nora lustig and carola pessino ceq working paper no. The study made use of 121 online survey questionnaires containing 25 relevant questions. Latin america has consistently shown less sacrifice of current consumption for accumulating future assets than the world as a whole, and particularly less than east asia and the developing countries of the middle east and north africa. However, using the revenue redistribution process, you enter the new general ledger gl chartfields for the transaction, and the system makes the required entries. Empirical analysis reveals that, typically, the impact effect of the personal income tax is unambiguously to reduce inequality in the distribution of income. Main findings taxinduced changes in bilateral foreign direct investments fdi positions stocks result in a relocation of investments and a redistribution of tax revenue among countries.
And there is a mandatory redistribution to other local governments of the taxes collected based on a statecontrolled formula, the census bureau assigns the tax to the state government. Oecd ilibrary redistribution policy and inequality. Redistribution, selection, and trade sciencedirect. Revenue is the amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise. In the early stages of economic development, income tends to be concentrated in a few sectors of the economy with little impact. Abstract this paper attempts to look at the nigeria tax administration and its capacity to reduce tax evasion and generate revenue for development desire of the populace. Top income rates could be many times higher than rates applied to the bottom, making the system very progressive, but the redistributive impact would still be very small if collections are so low that they dont make much of a difference in individual and household income. What could be done to further increase redistribution and improve redistributional effectiveness. Redistributive policies for sustainable development the united. Revenue implications of destinationbased cashflow taxation.
And there is a mandatory redistribution to other local governments of the taxes collected based on a statecontrolled formula, the census bureau assigns the tax to the. Figure 1 uses the world series of values provided in world development indicators, for the. Increasing personal income tax and reducing property tax by an offsetting amount would improve redistribution without raising taxes. Revenue reversals reset the revenue plan or revenue plan event back as it was before the entry was created. Redistribution of the co2 levy around two thirds of the revenue from the co2 levy is redistributed to the public and the business community through health insurers and the oasi compensation offices. In the context of the funds mandate to promote growth and stability, this paper describes. Harold meyerson argued that the tax cuts and tax rates lowered by republican leaders in past decades exemplify a redistribution of wealth to the wealthy. We estimate the revenue implications of a destination based cash flow tax dbcft for. The parts of this system that have redistribution as one of their explicit purposes are.
One may conjecture that other bases of classes regional, urban v. World trends in taxation revenues despite considerable variation in the availability and quality of government revenue statistics, aggregate data can still show the general trends over thirty years. Analyses of redistributive policies often focus on income flows to examine the nexus between redis. In response to the national emergency, and following irs guidance to protect our employees, delaware taxpayers, our partners and the community, we have temporarily closed all public service offices and discontinued facetoface service throughout the state until further notice. Optimal tax rates if your income is below y your taxes are unaffected by this change. The role of general government in the income redistribution in the.
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